Insomnia: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Evidence-Based Treatment

Insomnia: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Evidence-Based Treatment

1. Introduction Insomnia is a prevalent, debilitating sleep disorder characterized by a persistent difficulty initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, or achieving restorative sleep, despite possessing adequate time and a proper environment for rest. The primary clinical objective in managing insomnia is to identify the underlying neurobiological and psychological drivers of hyperarousal, restore normal sleep architecture, and … Read more

When should I worry about chronic insomnia and a complete inability to fall asleep?

When should I worry about chronic insomnia and a complete inability to fall asleep?

1. Introduction Chronic insomnia and a complete inability to fall asleep warrant immediate medical attention if they lead to severe cognitive impairment, hallucinations, profound daytime fatigue that endangers driving, or thoughts of self-harm. You should also seek clinical evaluation if sleep deprivation persists beyond a few weeks despite good sleep hygiene, as it may indicate … Read more