Postmenopausal Bleeding: Diagnostic Evaluation, Causes, and Clinical Management
1. Introduction to Postmenopausal Bleeding Postmenopausal bleeding is defined as any episode of vaginal bleeding, spotting, or blood-tinged discharge that occurs twelve months or more after a woman’s final menstrual period. In clinical gynecology, this symptom is universally regarded as a critical red flag that mandates immediate and thorough medical evaluation. While the underlying cause … Read more