Cold Injury: Pathophysiology, Systemic Effects, and Therapeutic Protocols
1. Introduction A cold injury represents a spectrum of pathological conditions resulting from the prolonged exposure of human tissue to temperatures significantly below normal physiological thresholds. Ranging from superficial frostnip and non-freezing immersion foot to deep, tissue-destroying frostbite and profound systemic hypothermia, these injuries are determined by the severity of the temperature drop, the duration … Read more