Horseshoe Kidney: Congenital Anatomy, Clinical Complications, and Management
1. Introduction to Horseshoe Kidney A horseshoe kidney is the most common type of congenital renal fusion anomaly encountered in urological practice. This structural malformation occurs during early fetal development when the two developing kidneys fuse together, typically at their lower poles, forming a single, continuous, U-shaped anatomical structure. While the fundamental function of the … Read more