Injection Site Necrosis: Pathophysiology, Vesicant Extravasation, and Surgical Care
1. Introduction Injection site necrosis represents a devastating clinical complication characterized by the irreversible death of soft tissue cells localized around a parenteral puncture site. This severe structural breakdown occurs when an injected pharmaceutical agent exhibits profound cytotoxicity, or when severe localized ischemia completely deprives the tissue matrix of essential oxygen and nutrients. What begins … Read more