Elbow Injury: Biomechanics, Diagnostics, and Rehabilitation

Elbow Injury: Biomechanics, Diagnostics, and Rehabilitation

1. Introduction An elbow injury involves traumatic or repetitive mechanical disruption to the complex articulation connecting the humerus of the upper arm with the radius and ulna of the forearm. The elbow is a highly constrained, sophisticated hinge-and-pivot joint designed to provide substantial mechanical power for lifting, while simultaneously facilitating the intricate rotational positioning required … Read more

Knee Ligament Injury: Mechanisms, Pathology, and Reconstructive Management

Knee Ligament Injury: Mechanisms, Pathology, and Reconstructive Management

1. Introduction A knee ligament injury encompasses the pathological stretching, partial tearing, or complete rupture of the primary fibrous bands connecting the femur to the tibia and fibula. The knee relies heavily on this intricate ligamentous network to govern its complex, multi-planar kinematics, ensuring stability during profound dynamic loading. When violent kinetic forces overwhelm the … Read more