Lithium-Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
1. Introduction to Lithium-Induced Renal Toxicity Lithium remains the undisputed gold standard in psychopharmacology for the long-term management and mood stabilization of bipolar disorder. While it possesses unparalleled efficacy in preventing severe manic and depressive episodes, lithium has a notoriously narrow therapeutic index and relies entirely on the kidneys for clearance from the human body. … Read more