Injection Site Hemorrhage: Causes, Mechanisms, and Clinical Management
1. Introduction Injection site hemorrhage represents an acute vascular complication where blood escapes from traumatized microvasculature or larger vessels directly into the surrounding soft tissue or outward onto the epidermal surface following a needle puncture. This localized bleeding occurs when the mechanical disruption of the vascular wall overwhelms the immediate physiological mechanisms of hemostasis. While … Read more