Hypogonadism: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Hormone Replacement Therapy
1. Introduction Hypogonadism is a complex endocrine disorder defined by the failure of the gonads—the testes in males and the ovaries in females—to produce adequate physiological levels of sex hormones. These hormones, primarily testosterone and estrogen, are not only critical for reproductive function and the development of secondary sexual characteristics, but they also play indispensable … Read more