Fourth-Degree Perineal Laceration Involving Rectal Mucosa: Causes and Treatment
1. Introduction A fourth-degree perineal laceration involving the rectal mucosa is the most profound manifestation of obstetric perineal trauma. This injury extends beyond the anal canal, tearing deeply through the rectovaginal septum and completely breaching the columnar epithelium of the rectum. The primary clinical imperative is to execute a complex, multilayered surgical reconstruction that halts … Read more