What causes dark circles under eyes despite enough sleep?

What causes dark circles under eyes despite enough sleep?

1. Introduction Dark circles under the eyes despite adequate sleep are primarily caused by a complex combination of periorbital hyperpigmentation, structural facial anatomy, and superficial vascular networks showing through exceptionally thin skin. While society overwhelmingly associates dark circles with exhaustion, fatigue only plays a secondary role by causing temporary vascular dilation. For millions of individuals, … Read more