Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Draining to the Left Atrium: Causes and Management
1. Introduction and Clinical Overview A persistent left superior vena cava that drains directly into the left atrium is a rare and significant congenital cardiovascular anomaly. In normal human anatomy, oxygen-depleted venous blood from the upper body returns to the right atrium of the heart via the right superior vena cava. However, during fetal development, … Read more