1. Introduction A juxtaposed atrial appendage is an exceedingly rare congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by a spatial misalignment of the ear-like extensions of the upper heart chambers. In a healthy human heart, the right and left atrial appendages are positioned on opposite sides of the great arterial trunks. In cases of juxtaposition, both appendages are … Read more
1. Introduction to Interrupted Aortic Arch Type B Interrupted aortic arch between the left subclavian and left common carotid artery, clinically classified as Type B, is a rare and severe congenital heart defect. In this condition, there is a complete anatomic discontinuity between the ascending and descending segments of the aorta at the specific location … Read more
1. Introduction to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a critical congenital heart defect characterized by the profound underdevelopment of the left-sided structures of the heart. This complex condition involves severe hypoplasia of the left ventricle, mitral valve, aortic valve, and the ascending aorta. Consequently, the left side of the heart is … Read more